Confession of a co-accused, not required to be on oath and cannot be tested by cross- examination   

I. is no evidence within the meaning of section 3 of Evidence Act and cannot be the foundation of a conviction  

II. the only limited use which can be made of a confession of a co-accused is by way of furnishing an additional reason for believing such other evidences as exists  

III. it is a very weak type of evidence and is much weaker even than the evidence of an approver. In the aforesaid propositions