Explanation:

- Motive is relevant:

Motive refers to the reason why someone commits a crime. It helps in understanding the intention behind the act, which is crucial for a legal case.

- Preparation is relevant:

Preparation entails any plans or steps taken before committing an act. It provides insight into whether an act was premeditated or spontaneous.

- Conduct is relevant:

Conduct includes behavior or actions before, during, and after an incident. It can indicate guilt or innocence and is essential for establishing the context of a case.

- All the above:

Section 8 of the Evidence Act considers motive, preparation, and conduct relevant. They collectively contribute to a comprehensive understanding of a case.

The correct answer is:

Option 4: All the above