Explanation:

- Special Damages: These are awarded to compensate for quantifiable monetary losses experienced by the plaintiff, such as medical expenses or loss of earnings.

- Ordinary Damages: These refer to general compensatory damages aimed at restoring the injured party to their pre-injury state. This includes compensation for pain, suffering, and loss of enjoyment.

- Exemplary Damages: These are also known as punitive damages. They are awarded not to compensate the plaintiff, but to punish the defendant for their conduct and deter similar actions in the future.

- Nominal Damages: These are small sums awarded when a legal wrong has occurred, but there was no substantial loss or injury to compensate.