Explanation:

- Option 1: Article 143

- Article 143 allows the President of India to refer questions of law or fact to the Supreme Court for its advisory opinion.

- This is the correct answer for the President's reference of the Ayodhya issue to the Supreme Court.

- Option 2: Article 132

- Article 132 deals with the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in civil cases.

- It allows appeal from any judgment, decree, or final order of a High Court in civil proceedings on a substantial question of law.

- Option 3: Article 138

- Article 138 empowers the Supreme Court to hear cases beyond its original jurisdiction if the Parliament deems it necessary.

- It extends the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

- Option 4: Article 136

- Article 136 grants special leave to appeal by the Supreme Court against any judgment or order in any matter passed by any court or tribunal in India.