Explanation:

- Fraud, misrepresentation, and gross neglect: A prior encumbrancer may lose their priority if any of these factors mislead the subsequent encumbrancer or harm their interests.

- Where the priority is barred by estoppel: If a prior encumbrancer's actions or inactions cause the subsequent encumbrancer to rely on their priority, they may lose their right to claim priority later on.

- Advances made to save a mortgaged property from loss or destruction: Priority can be shifted if subsequent advances protect the property’s value and the prior encumbrancer fails to take necessary actions.

- All of the above: All these scenarios can lead to a prior encumbrancer losing their priority in favor of a subsequent encumbrancer.

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