To which of the following clause of Section 63 Indian Evidence Act copies by photography lithography...........

Indian Evidence Act (IEA) 1872 Introduction and Definition

To which of the following clause of Section 63, Indian Evidence Act, copies by photography, lithography, cyclostyle and carbon copies belong?

Clause 2

Clause 3

Clause 4

Clause 5

Explanation:

Let’s break it down:

- Section 63 of the Indian Evidence Act deals with what counts as secondary evidence—basically, alternatives to originals when you can’t produce the real thing.

- Clause 1 talks about certified copies.

- Clause 2, which you picked, is about copies made from the original by mechanical processes that ensure accuracy—like printing, lithography, or photography.

- Clause 3 covers copies made from or compared with the original by other means.

- Clause 4 is about counterparts of documents as against the parties who didn’t execute them.

- Clause 5 handles oral accounts of document contents by someone who’s seen the original.

Here’s what’s up:

Copies made by photography, lithography, cyclostyle, and even carbon copies (if made in the ordinary course) fit under Clause 2. That’s exactly what Clause 2 is about: mechanical reproduction that guarantees faithfulness to the original.

Option:1 - Clause 2 is the right answer.