False evidence is ........

Indian Evidence Act (IEA) 1872 Documentary Evidence

False evidence is:

Whoever, being legally bound by an oath or by any express provision of law to state the truth

Being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he either knows or believes to be false

Being bound by law to make a declaration upon any subject, makes any statement which is false, and which he does not believe to be true is said to give false evidence

All of them

Explanation:

- Option 1: This statement refers to someone legally bound by an oath or law to state the truth. It's about the duty to speak truthfully under a legal obligation.

- Option 2: This focuses on someone legally required to declare on a topic, who knowingly or believes that their statement is false. It's about the person being aware of their falsehood.

- Option 3: This is similar to Option 2, where a person under a legal obligation makes a false statement without believing it to be true. It highlights the absence of belief in the truthfulness of the statement.

- Option 4: This combines all the above scenarios, capturing the essence of giving false evidence under legal obligation.