Explanation:

Alright, let’s break this down:

- The necessity rule is all about allowing statements into evidence when the person who made them can't come to court for a legit reason.

- Option 1? If the person is dead or just not able to testify (think: sick, mentally unfit)—that’s textbook necessity rule.

- Option 2? When they’re alive and technically out there, but getting them to court would mean loads of hassle, serious delay, or crazy expenses—again, that’s covered.

- Option 3? You’d use this rule if you just can’t find the person at all—they’ve disappeared off the map.

- So bottom line: All these scenarios fit. You’d apply the necessity rule in any of them.

Option 4: All the above, is correct.