The doctrine of promissory estoppel cannot create any new cause where none existed before and it is ...........

Indian Evidence Act (IEA) 1872 Estoppel

The doctrine of promissory estoppel cannot create any new cause where none existed before, and it is subject to the qualification:

that the other party has altered its position

that the promisor can resile from his promise on giving reasonable notice, which need not be a formal notice, giving the promisee a reasonable opportunity of resuming his position

the promise only becomes final and irrevocable if the promisee cannot resume his position

all of them

Explanation:

- Option 1: Promissory estoppel applies when the other party has altered their position based on the promise made, so it prevents the promisor from going back on their word.

- Option 2: The promisor can withdraw their promise by giving a reasonable notice, which doesn’t need to be formal; it simply provides the promisee a chance to adjust back to their original position.

- Option 3: The promise becomes binding and cannot be revoked if the promisee cannot return to their original position prior to the promise being made.

- Option 4: All of the above statements are true regarding promissory estoppel.

Correct Answer: Option 4 - all of them.