Explanation:

Correct Option: 2
The co-operative movement originated first in England in the early 19th century. It was initiated as a response to the harsh conditions of industrialization, where workers faced exploitation. The first successful co-operative, the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers, was established in 1844 in Rochdale, England. They implemented a model based on democratic management, profit-sharing, and mutual aid, which became the foundation for co-operatives worldwide. This movement spread across the world and formed the basis for modern co-operatives. Therefore, the correct answer is Option 2: England.