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A merchant bank is a financial institution providing capital to companies in the form of share ownership instead of loans. A merchant bank also provides advisory on corporate matters to the firms in which they invest. In the United Kingdom, the historical term "merchant bank" refers to an investment bank.

Venture capital is a type of funding for a new or growing business. It usually comes from venture capital firms that specialize in building high risk financial portfolios. With venture capital, the venture capital firm gives funding to the startup company in exchange for equity in the startup.

A financial institution is an establishment that conducts financial transactions such as investments, loans and deposits. Everything from depositing money to taking out loans and exchanging currencies must be done through financial institutions.

A financial intermediary is an institution, such as a bank, building society, or unit-trust company, that holds funds from lenders in order to make loans to borrowers.