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Which of the following statements is/are correct about Coral Reefs?
1. The basis of coral formation lies in the symbiotic relationship between corals and zooxanthellae microscopic bacteria.
2. Majority of corals are found in temperate and sub-polar regions.
3. Coral Reefs act as the barrier against the worst ravages of storms, hurricanes, and typhoons.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 only
2 and 3 only
3 only
1, 2 and 3
About Coral Reefs
! Coral reefs are found in circum-tropical shallow tropical waters along the shores of islands and continents. The reef substrate is mainly composed of calcium carbonate from living and dead corals. Many other invertebrates, ertebrates, and plants live in close association to the corals, with tight resource coupling and recycling, allowing coral reefs to have extremely high productivity and biodiversity, such that they are referred to as ‘the Tropical Rainforests of the Oceans’.
! Corals live in very nutrient poor waters and have certain zones of tolerance to water temperature, salinity, UV radiation, opacity, and nutrient quantities.
! Statement 1 is incorrect: Zooxanthellae is an algae not bacteria, live symbiotically within the coral polyp tissues and assist the coral in nutrient production through its photosynthetic activities.
! Statement 2 is incorrect: Majority of corals are found in tropical and sub- tropical areas as they require moderately high temperature for growth. Great Australian Reef is the largest coral reef in the world.
! Geographical Conditions Required Corals generally flourish in clear tropical oceans usually between 30°N and 30°S of the equator. They grow best in the brightly lighted water about 5 to 10 meters deep. The suspended particles interfere with feeding. Corals live in saline water (27%). Coral reef can from to depth of 90 meters, but growth rate declines rapidly after 5 to 10 meters depths. The reef building corals are found within the 21°C isotherm. Corals are not near the mouths of rivers. Temperature below 18°C causes their death. Individual coral organisms are however, found in some cold, high latitudes waters as well (Norway and Cap Verde Island and off New Zealand and Japan).
! Healthy coral reefs provide:
Habitat: Home to over 1 million diverse aquatic species, including thousands of fish species Income: Billions of dollars and millions of jobs in over 100 countries around the world Food: For people living near coral reefs, especially on small islands Protection: A natural barrier protecting coastal cities, communities and beaches Medicine: The potential for treatments for many of the world’s most prevalent and dangerous illnesses and diseases.
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