The Mughal Dynasty

• From the latter half of the 16th century, they expanded their kingdom from Agra and Delhi until in the 17th century they controlled nearly all of the subcontinent.
• They imposed structures of administration and ideas of governance that outlasted their rule, leaving a political legacy that succeeding rulers of the subcontinent could not ignore.

BABUR (1526-1530)

• Babur is the founder of the Mughal Empire in India.
• He was a descendant of Timur (on his father’s side) and Genghis Khan (on his Mother’s side).
• His original name was Zahiruddin Muhammad.
• In 1494 at the age of 11, Babur became the ruler of Farghana (at present in Chinese Turkistan) succeeding Umar Shaikh Mirza, his father.
• Daulat Khan, the most powerful noble of Punjab, who was discontented with Ibrahim Lodhi, invited Babur to invade India.
• The first attack of Babur in India was on Bajaur in 1519 in which he used Gun Powder for the first time in a war in India.
• On 21st April 1526, Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battle of Panipat and quickly occupied Delhi and  Despite vast and superior troop Ibrahim Lodi lost in the battle due to Babur’s superior strategy and use of artillery.
• The First Battle of Panipat marked the foundation of Mughal dominion in India.
• So in 1526 he defeated the Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi and his Afghan supporters, at (First) Panipat (War) and captured Delhi and Agra.
• The establishment of an empire in the Indo-Gangetic valley by Babur was a threat to Rana Sanga.
• So in 1527 – defeated Rana Sanga, Rajput rulers and allies at Khanwa [a [a place west of Agra].
• His war tactics were very expensive since he used heavy artillery which ended the era of small kingdoms because these smaller ones cant afford it .
• On December 26, 1530, Babur died at Agra of an unknown disease. His body was first laid at Arambagh in Agra, but was later taken to Kabul, where it was buried.
• His autobiography Baburnama or Tuzk-e Babri has vividly discussed the contemporary life in India, his use of gun powder and canons in Indian battles, his anger with Rana Sanga and other details.