Explanation:

An 11-year-old has become the first patient to receive CAR-T therapy (immunotherapy) that uses the body's own cells to fight cancer.

•              CAR-T is a personalized form of cancer treatment.

•              CAR-T involves removing immune cells and modifying them in a laboratory so they can recognize cancer cells.

•              Immunotherapy is treatment that uses your body's own immune system to help fight cancer.

•              First, the patient has blood removed and the white blood cells are separated out, with the rest of the blood being returned to the patient.

•              A harmless virus is used to insert genes into T- cells, a special type of immune cell.

•              These genes cause the T-cells to add a hook on to their surface, known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR).

•              These engineered CAR-T cells - programmed to recognize and destroy the patient's cancer cells - are multiplied in huge numbers and then infused back into the patient.