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Context
From revoking Most Favored nation tag given to Pakistan to working every possible way to utilize its full claim under the Indus Waters Treaty, India is sailing through strained ties with Pakistan.
About
After the Uri terrorist attack (2016), the Government of India signaled that it is mulling over reviving several stalled projects on Indus branch of rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej).
In 2016, the matter had escalated to such an extent that India had temporarily suspended regular meetings of the Indus Commissioners of the two countries.
Background
Indus Waters Treaty
The treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, between India and Pakistan. It was brokered by the World Bank. This treaty fixed and delimited the rights and obligations of both countries concerning the use of the waters of the Indus River system.
What has happened now?
The Indus Waters Treaty gives India full control over the waters (11 cubic km is the annual flow before entering Pakistan) of the three Eastern rivers, Beas, Ravi and Sutlej. Pakistan can use whatever flows into its territory.
Waters of the three Western rivers of Indus, Jhelum and Chenab (232.5 cubic km is the annual flow before entering Pakistan) flow “unrestricted” to Pakistan. India can use about 62.2 cubic km and 170.3 cubic km is reserved for Pakistan.
It is to note that India is allowed to make some use of the waters of the Western rivers as well. It can do for purposes of navigation, power production and irrigation, but this can happen only in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty.
The two countries have permanent Indus Water Commissions that meet regularly to share information and data and also to resolve disputes. So far, most of these disputes were resolved through this bilateral mechanism.
The dispute over the Baglihar dam was the first one that Pakistan referred to the World Bank, which had brokered the Indus Waters Treaty.
Change in socio-economic - strategic- conditions
Why has India not utilized its fair share?
Diplomatic sources who have worked closely on India-Pakistan ties, and experts who deal with water-sharing disputes, indicate that a possible reason for not having done so all these years was to avoid an explosion of new water wars within the country.
Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Haryana have already locked horns over access to and use of water from these three rivers, internally.
It took nearly 40 years and the intervention of the Centre for the governments of Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab to finally sign an agreement on the implementation of the Shahpur Kandi dam project in September 2018.
Pakistan's position:
What actions have been taken so far by India?
Way forward:
Despite hostile India-Pakistan political climate, the treat has survived all odds since its inception.
However, the current climate paints a different picture with India determined to not let go of its rightful share.
While the media and nationalist throat may condemn the treaty altogether, Indian diplomacy has to rise above and factor in "India's growing stature" and build its image of being a "rightful power".
In other words, while Pakistan’s duplicity on fighting terror is proof that it doesn’t honor its own global obligations, calls to abrogate the Indus Waters Treaty are knee-jerk emotional responses that don’t factor in long-term and wide- ranging consequences for India in the world
The treat is here to stay, albeit in a justifiable manner.
By: Priyank Kishore ProfileResourcesReport error
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