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Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi who is popularly known as 'Mahatma Gandhi or Bapu' was born on 2nd October 1869. He was undoubtedly a great man, both in personal force and in political effect. He was Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who moulded the character of the struggle for freedom in India, and impressed his own ideals upon the new governing class that came into power when the English went home.
Mahatma Gandhi: Early life
Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa :
Incident happen during rail journey-
10 things Mahatma Gandhi did in South Africa :
1. He organised non-violent protests against the racial discrimination directed towards the native Africans and Indians in 1894.
2. He came to India for a short time in 1896 to gather fellow Indian to serve in South Africa. He gathered 800 Indians but they were welcomed by an irate mob and Gandhi was injured in the attack.
3. He organised the Indian Ambulance Corps for the British during the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899. So that British could understand humanity but the ethnic discrimination and torture continued on Indians.
4. He set up Phoenix Farm near Durban where Gandhi trained his cadre for peaceful restraint or non-violent Satyagraha. This farm considered as the birthplace of Satyagraha.
5. He also set up another farm which was called Tolstoy Farm which is considered as the place where Satyagraha was moulded into a weapon of protest.
6. The first non-violent Satyagraha campaign of Mahatma Gandhi was organised in September 1906 to protest against the Transvaal Asiatic ordinance which was constituted against the local Indians. After that, he also held Satyagraha against the Black Act in June 1907.
7. He was sentenced to jail for organising the non-violent movement in 1908 but after meeting with General Smuts who was a British Commonwealth statesman, was released.
8. He was sentenced to a three month jail in Volkshurst and Pretoria in 1909. After release, he went to London to seek the assistance of the Indian community there but his effort was in vain.
9. In 1913, he fought against the override of non-Christian marriages.
10. He organised another Satyagraha movement in Transvaal against the oppression that Indian minors were suffering from. He led around 2,000 Indians across the Transvaal border.
Mahatma Gandhi in India :
Movement Started by Gandhi in India :
1. Champaran Satyagraha of 1917: It was the first Satyagraha movement inspired by Gandhi and a major revolt in the Indian Independence Movement. This movement marked his arrival to the British rule.
2. Khed Satyagrah of 1918: It was organised to support peasants of the Kheda district. People of Kheda were unable to pay the high taxes levied by the British due to crop failure and a plague epidemic.
3. Khilafat Movement Post World War I: This movement was organised to unite Hindus and Muslims to fight against tyrant British and urged both the communities to show solidarity and unity. He was criticized by many leaders but managed to amass the support of Muslims. But as the Khilafat Movement ended abruptly, all his efforts evaporated into thin air.
4. Non-cooperation Movement: It was started after the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and lasted from 1920 to February 1922 with an aimed to resist British rule in India through non-violent means, or "Ahinsa". But this movement was withdrawn in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident where policemen were burnt alive by the local people.
5. Civil Disobedience Movement: The observance of the Independence Day in 1930 was followed by the launching of the Civil Disobedience Movement under the leadership of Gandhi. It began with the famous Dandi March of Gandhi. On 12 March 1930, Gandhi left the Sabarmati Ashram at Ahmadabad on foot with 78 other members of the Ashram for Dandi, a village on the western sea-coast of India, at a distance of about 385 km from Ahmadabad. They reached Dandi on 6 April 1930. There, Gandhi broke the salt law. It was illegal for anyone to make salt as it was a government monopoly. Gandhi defied the government by picking up a handful of salt which had been formed by the evaporation of sea. The defiance of the salt law was followed by the spread of Civil Disobedience Movement all over the country. Making of salt spread throughout the country in the first phase of the civil disobedience movement, it became a symbol of the people’s defiance of the government.
6. Negotiations over Round Table Conferences: The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. During the second conference, he understands the true intentions of the British.
7. Gandhi-Irwin Pact: M.K Gandhi attended highly official meeting with Lord Irwin on the behalf of the Indian National Congress on negotiating terms of Constitutional reforms. The pact made the British Government concede some demands, which were -To withdraw all ordinances and prosecutions; to release all the political prisoners’; to restore the confiscated properties of the satyagarhis; to permit the free collection or manufacture of salt. Second Round Table Conference was held in London during Viceroyalty of Lord Willington during September to December, 1931 and Gandhi attended it to behalf of the Indian National Congress.
8. Quit India Movement: It was the most aggressive movement launched by the Indian national Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. On 8 August 1942, The All India Congress Committee, at a meeting in Bombay, passed a resolution. This resolution declared that the immediate ending of the British rule in India was an urgent necessity for the sake of India and for the success of the cause of freedom and democracy, for which the countries of the United Nations were fighting against fascist Germany, Italy and Japan. The resolution called for the withdrawal of the British power from India. Once free, it said, India with all her resources would join the war on the side of those countries who were struggling against fascist and imperialist aggression.
Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi :
By: Shamsher Gill ProfileResourcesReport error
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