Which of the following were the causes of lsquo tribal movements rsquo 1 Imposition of Land Revenue ...........

Ancient and Medival History Later Mughals and Advent of Europeans

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Which of the following were the causes of ‘tribal movements’?

1. Imposition of Land Revenue Settlement

2. Work of Christian Missionaries

3. Introduction of the notion of private property

4. Indian Forest Act in 1878

Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

1,2&4 only

1,2&3 only

1&3 only

All the above

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Explanation:

Causes of Tribal Movements.
Imposition of Land Revenue Settlement: Expansion of agriculture by the non- tribals to tribal area or over forest cover let to the erosion of tribal traditions of joint ownership and increased the socio-economic differentiation in the egalitarian structure of the tribal society.
Increasing demand for wood from early nineteenth century- first for the royal navy and then railways, led to increasing control of government over forest land. The establishment of the Forest department in 1864, Government Forest Act (1865) and Indian Forest Act in 1878 together established complete government monopoly over Indian forest land
Extension of settled agriculture led to influx of non tribals in the tribal areas. These outsiders exploited them, and extension of settled agriculture led to the loss of land by the tribals which reduced them to agricultural labourers.

Work of Christian Missionaries brought about further changes in the socio economic and cultural equation of the tribals and the mainstream society plus in turbulent times, the tendency of the missionaries to refuse to take up arms or in discouraging people from rising against the government made the missionaries to be viewed as extension of colonialism and were often attacked by the rebels.