Self-driving cars promise to transform roadways. There’d be fewer traffic accidents and jams, say proponents, and greater mobility for people who can’t operate a vehicle. The cars could fundamentally change the way we think about getting around.

The technology is already rolling onto American streets : Uber has introduced self-driving cabs in Pittsburgh and is experimenting with self-driving trucks for long-haul commercial deliveries. Google’s prototype vehicles are also roaming the roads. (In all these cases, though, human supervisors are along for the ride.) Automakers like Subaru, Toyota and Tesla are also including features such as automatic braking and guided steering on new cars.

But there are many issues associated with them :-

• Destructive technology :- It is amount to create disruption in traditional ways by job loss, increased mechanisation.
• They’ll Create A Legal And Political Minefield :- Currently, the laws around self-driving cars are both simple and complicated. They’re simple in the sense that there are damned few actual laws covering the things. That’s also the complicated part. Broadly speaking, something can be considered legal simply because no one has said otherwise, and that’s kind of the situation self-driving cars find themselves in now. 
• They Will Only Benefit Rich People :- A lot of the benefits of self driving cars – easy parking, extra free time, exclusive lanes on the interstate – will only be experienced by the wealthy.
• They will need better maps, infrastructure, communications, sensors and typical conditions will test their ability like following :-
• Sensing the surroundings :- To a computer, a highway on a clear day looks completely different than it does in fog or at dusk. Self-driving cars have to detect road features in all conditions, regardless of weather or lighting.
• Unexpected encounters :- Self-driving cars struggle to interpret unusual situations, like a traffic officer waving vehicles through a red light. Simple rule-based programming won’t always work because it’s impossible to code for every scenario in advance
• Cybersecurity issues :- In 2015, hackers brought a Jeep to a halt on a St. Louis highway by wirelessly accessing its braking and steering via the onboard entertainment system. The demonstration proved that even conventional vehicles have vulnerabilities that, if exploited, could lead to accidents.
• Ethical issues :- Sometimes, a driver must decide whether to swerve right or left, for instance — either injuring three people in a truck or potentially killing a person on a motorcycle. Those types of ethical dilemmas would require the software in a self-driving car to weigh all the different outcomes and come to a final solution on its own.

But they enjoy numerous benefits and hence must be promoted along with wider innovation, technological development, careful analysis of advantages and disadvantages:-

• Some of the greatest increases in living standards in human history happened during the industrial and the technological revolutions of the 19th and 20th centuries, respectively. Such enormous feats were not achieved by saving jobs but by allowing their creative destruction. 
• Safety– No matter what we like to believe, humans are no good at driving. The 1.2m people killed every year on roads worldwide are proof of that. Unlike us, driverless cars will never drive drunk and will not be able to speed, take reckless chances or race their mates away from traffic lights.
• Driverless cars may also help save our planet. Because autonomous vehicles are built to optimize efficiency in acceleration, braking, and speed variation, they help increase fuel efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.
• Time spent in traffic is wasted time. But Autonomous cars would enable drivers to spend that time doing something else instead.
• If people spend all of their new free time working, productivity will soar.
• Autonomous vehicles could mean productivity gains of $507 billion annually in the US alone, according to a study by Morgan Stanley.
• Parking– No longer will it be our problem to find a space – our car will handle it.
• Self-driving cars will enable not only the elderly to be mobile, but it will also empower those with disabilities, the unlicensed, and those who do not own a car to travel as well.
• School run– Perhaps the best thing about driverless cars is that people won’t need a licence to operate them. Children can drive themselves to karate practice, Sunday football or school