Consider the following statement about soil forming processes 1 Cheluviation is the downward movemen...........

Geography World - Soil and Vegetation

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Consider the following statement about soil forming processes:

1. Cheluviation is the downward movement of material, under the influence of organic

complex compounds.

2. Illuviation is the accumulation of the washed down material in the lower horizons.

3. Leaching is the removal and downward movement of material from a horizon in

solution.

Which of the above statements are correct?

2&3 only

1&2 only

1&3 only

1,2&3 only

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Explanation:

Soil formation is a result of various processes that tend to affect the soil profile (parallel layers of soil each with distinct physical characteristics). Following are the processes that result in soil formation:
1. Eluviation: It is the mechanical translocation of clay or other fine particles from upper layers to lower layers due to downward precipitation. The particles could also translocate in dissolved form.
2. Illuviation: It is the accumulation of the washed off material i.e. eluviated material in the lower layers of the soil profile. Water percolating the soil leaches out soluble salts and mineral particles, thereby adding them to the lower portions.
3. Leaching: It is the loss of water soluble material like calcium due to percolation of water down the soil profile.
4. Cheluviation: It is a combination of weathering of minerals by organic acids and translocation of organic matter through the layers of soil profile. It is similar to leaching but under the influence of organic complex compounds.