Background:-

Backed up by initiatives like Make in India, Digital India and Startup India, the nation is at the cusp of a big transformation towards digitization.

How digitalisation improves transparency and governance:-

• Digitisation embodied in manufacturing and services improves efficiency, total factor productivity, spill-over effects, transparency and accountability. For example, e-commerce has improved logistics and supply chains; digital payment services have provided flexibility and transparency; digital identification services have enabled de-duplication and prevention of fraud; and digital learning platforms have augmented literacy.
• Objectivity of E-Governance is to provide better services to customers.
  E-Governance would solve the queries of people without the need of people going to the government offices, to get their queries solved.
  This is in addition to the area of e-Kranti where the services of government departments would be electronically delivered.
  Another benefit that can be enjoyed by the public is the access to all information regarding important policies that the government brings into action. This includes the usage of Right to Information Act, with Internet as the sole source.
• The other areas which shall get a boost with this project are facilities of e-health, e-education with better cyber security.National Optical Fiber Network is being stretched which is to provide internet to the people in areas where it hasn’t reached yet. Also, the villages shall be provided with high broadband speed in the days to come under this move.This sends clear cut signals regarding the intentions of the government to bring transparency in its functioning
• Transparency
  If the transactions are digital, the consumers are known to the banks, leading to transparency in the system
  Digitization can help agencies progress faster toward policy goals by helping to create a frictionless government.

Constraints remain:-

Lack of Literacy and Knowledge:

• India currently has the largest illiterate population. This literacy rate is the reason that acts as a challenging task for the government to implement digitization in the country.

Inequality of Income:

• Inequality of Income plays an important role in proving as a challenge of digitization Imbalance of income will act as a major challenge for the government

Corruption:

• Corruption is the root cause for the need of digitization in India. High level of corrupt  practices in some public services in India is an obstacle for digitization in India.

Resistance to Change :

• There are people in the country who will welcome the implementation of e-governance, while on the other hand some would like to continue in the way the system had been working.

Reliability of web:

• The vulnerability to cyber crimes will raise the question of privacy issues in the mind of the public. There have been incidents in the past where the data collected got completely lost because of the unpredictable problems of the system. Such incidents can erode trust and user confidence in government systems.

Higher Investments:

• According to the data collected, India is spending about 3% of GDP to bring this information of web-based system. To introduce something that involves high cost is one of the prohibiting factors that come across digitization.

Lack of matured technicians:

• There is lack of matured technicians in the country who can advice the government on technical grounds. A good technician will not only help the government to reduce the cost of installation, but will also be able to handle the technical problems easily.

Lack of qualified administrators:

• There is a lack of qualified administrators in the country, who are not very techno-friendly.

Connectivity to backward areas:

• Many parts of India are still not connected very well. The connectivity of digitization to these areas will be challenging task for the government.

Frequent changes in technology:

• The digitization depends on technology so it will be a challenge for the government to keep pace with every changing technology. There may be chances of the system to fail, if the technology is not updated.

Fear of meeting up the expectations:

• Though the government may try to give its best to the public, there are chances that the government may not meet up the expectations of the public.

How to increase transparency and governance :-

• Governments need to be in line with businesses when it comes to using technology. They can use it to streamline their processes and improve interactions with their citizens. Digital solutions, including a digital core, can create better integrated, more efficient systems—the kind of systems that help governments transform and deliver better outcomes for their constituents.
• Government should adopt various other effective projects and initiatives to eradicate ICT  illiteracy and emphasize on the need of digitalization.
• An initiation towards setting up of number of computer centers and kiosks is needed and also  training to people by setting up IT training centers in various parts of cities and villages. This will help in building an information based society.
• The government should launch various awareness programs, which will help people to know  the benefits of digitisation and will motivate them to accept the change.
• Government should encourage technology rich countries and companies to invest in the Indian
• Infrastructure is a crucial part of any country’s development. So, the government should work  on improving ICT infrastructure by providing Electricity and good Internet connection.
• Strategic framework for implementation of digitisation is needed.
• It is important for the government to create a trust factor among the citizens by being consistent in taking feedback and undertaking corrective actions for the deviations.
• Another important suggestion for the government is to hire highly professional technicians  who can easily curb any technical issue and keep the system updated.
• A support from the other political parties is also required to infuse digitisation in the system.