Context: Recently, the Centre for Food Safety in Hong Kong recalled Everest Fish Curry Masala from India alleging the presence of a pesticide called ethylene oxide at levels exceeding permissible limit.

What is Ethylene Oxide?

• Ethylene oxide is a pesticide and industrial chemical used as a fumigant by the spice industry to reduce microbial contamination like E. coli and Salmonella.

• It is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, indicating strong evidence from human studies that it can cause cancer.

• The chemical is colourless, highly flammable, and very reactive, effectively killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Health Risks of Ethylene Oxide Consumption

• Ethylene oxide can damage DNA and increase the risk of various cancers, including leukaemia, stomach cancer, and breast cancer.

• It mainly impacts human central nervous system depression and irritation of the eyes and mucous membranes. 

• Chronic exposure through regular consumption of contaminated spices is a concern.

• Additionally, Ethylene oxide exposure may also cause respiratory irritation, lung injury, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea.

Global Regulations on Ethylene Oxide Use in Food

• The European Union (EU) banned ethylene oxide for food fumigation in 2011.

• Its use is currently only permitted for medical device disinfection and sterilisation.

About Spice Industry in India

• India is one of the largest producers and exporters of spices in the world, known for its diverse and flavourful spice varieties. 

• The spices are not only integral to Indian cuisine but also play a pivotal role in the economic and cultural exchange between India and the world. 

• Given the reliance on agricultural exports, incidents like these can tarnish the reputation of Indian spice brands and affect economic stability.

Market and Consumer Impact

• Internationally, this event might lead consumers to be wary of spice products from regions with perceived weaker food safety regulations, impacting market trust and consumer behaviour. 

• It also stresses the importance for exporting countries to adhere strictly to international food safety standards to maintain their market positions.

Additional Fact

Ethylene glycol

• Ethylene glycol is a colourless and odourless alcoholic compound that can be fatal if consumed. The sweet-tasting ethylene glycol is a syrupy or viscous liquid at room temperature.