Explanation:

During the Sultanate period, the village headman was known as the Muqqaddam whereas the smaller landowners were known as khuts. x In addition to their own holdings, they held lands for which they paid revenue at concessional rates. They also worked in conjunction with the governor in the collection of revenue and maintaining law and order, etc. However, under Alauddin Khilji's regime, they were made to pay the same taxes as others. x Hence option (c) is the correct answer.