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Which of the following statements are correct about the Neolithic culture?
1. In Burzahom, the Neolithic people lived on a lake-side in pits.
2. At Gufkral, domestic dogs were buried with their masters in their graves.
3. Chirand has yielded considerable bone implements in India.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
Explanation: In the north-west, Kashmiri Neolithic culture was distinguished by its dwelling pits, wide range of ceramics, variety of stones and bone tools, and the complete absence of microliths. Its most important site is Burzahom, which means ‘the place of birch’, situated 16 km north-west of Srinagar. The Neolithic people lived there on a lake-side in pits and probably had hunting and fishing economy, and seem to have been acquainted with agriculture. The people of Gufkral (literally the ‘cave of the potter’), a Neolithic site, 41 km southwest of Srinagar, practised both agriculture and animal husbandry. The Neolithic people in Kashmir used not only polished tools of stone, but also numerous tools and weapons made of bones. The only other place which has yielded considerable bone implements in India is Chirand, 40 km west of Patna, on the northern side of the Ganges. Made of antlers (horn of deer), these implements have been found in a late Neolithic settlement in an area with about 100 cm rainfall. The establishment of the settlement was made possible by the open land available at the junction of the four rivers, the Ganges, the Son, the Gandak and the Ghaghra, and is marked by a paucity of stone tools.
The people of Burzahom used coarse grey This practice does not seem to be evident in any other Neolithic culture in India. The earliest date for Burzahom is about 2700 BC, but the bones recovered from Chirand cannot be dated earlier than 2000 BC and possibly belong to the late Neolithic phase. Another area from which the Neolithic tools have been recovered is situated in the hills of Assam. Neolithic tools have also been found in the Garo hills in Meghalaya, on the north-eastern frontier of India. The second group may include the settlements in the Vindhyas and the Kaimur hills. We also find a number of Neolithic settlements on the northern spurs of the Vindhyas in Mirzapur and Allahabad districts of Uttar Pradesh. Neolithic sites, such as Koldihwa and Mahagra in Allahabad district, are known for the cultivation of rice in the fifth millennium BC. Senuwar in Rohtas district in the Kaimur hilly area is the most important site. Also notable is the site of Taradih close to the Bodh-Gaya temple. Some of the important Neolithic sites or those with Neolithic layers, that have been excavated, include Maski, Brahmagiri, Hallur, Kodekal, Sanganakallu, Piklihal and Takkalakota in Karnataka; and Paiyampalli in Tamil Nadu. Utnur is an important Neolithic site in Andhra Pradesh. The Neolithic settlers in Piklihal were cattle-herders. The Neolithic people of Mehrgarh (Kacchi Plain of Balochistan, Pakistan) were more advanced. They produced wheat and barley, and lived in mud-brick houses. pottery. It is interesting that at Burzahom, domestic dogs were buried with their masters in their graves.
By: Parvesh Mehta ProfileResourcesReport error
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