Explanation:

The term refers to several Indian religious movements parallel to but separate from the historical Vedic religion. The Srama?a tradition includes Jainism of 9th-century BCE, Buddhismof 6th-century BCE, and others such as  Ajivika, Ajnana and Carvaka. The Ajivika school is known for its Niyati doctrine ofabsolute determinism, the premise that there is no free will, that everything that has happened, is happening and will happen is entirely preordained and a function of cosmic principles. Aivika considered the karma doctrine as a fallacy. Ajivika metaphysics included a theory of atoms similar to the Vaisheshika school, where everything was composed of atoms, qualities emerged from aggregates of atoms, but the aggregation and nature of these atoms was predetermined by cosmic forces.