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Chandra Shekhar Azad was an Indian freedom fighter who had a revolutionary bent of mind in his initial years but later turned socialist when he reorganized Hindustan Republic Association (HRA) into Hindustan Socialist Republic Association (HSRA). Azad had a charismatic personality and his mere presence would electrify the environment.
Assumes the title ‘Azad’
Born in July 1906, he received his first punishment at the tender age of 15 years for participating in revolutionary activities during Non-Cooperation Movement. When the magistrate asked him his name, he said "Azad" (meaning free). He was sentenced to fifteen lashes. With each stroke of the whip the young Chandrasekhar shouted "Bharat Mata Ki Jai". From then on Chandra Shekhar assumed the title of Azad and came to known as Chandra Shekhar Azad. Chandra Shekhar Azad vowed that he would never be arrested by the British police and would die as free man.
Advocates cult of bomb
After the sudden suspension of Non-cooperation movement, Indian youth were left disenchanted and leaderless as extremists and moderates had reunited in 1916. Azad along with his comrades resorted to revolutionary and armed ways to physically expel the British from India. Azad was an ardent proponent of the cult of bomb. As per his revolutionary ways, he inspired the Indian youth to use pistols and bombs as British had been disregarding peaceful petitions of Congress and were found to react to only loud noises (pistols/bombs).
In order to fund their revolutionary activities, British armory and treasury were looted. In 1925, Azad and his comrades successfully robbed the train at Kakori. As the news of this robbery spread to different parts of India, Indian youth was motivated to take up arms against British imperialism. Azad’s leadership was inspirational for the Indian revolutionaries who were provided with a guiding light in times when Congress leadership was rendered ineffective.
Lala Lajpat Rai’s death and Azad’s transformation
It was after the death of Lala Lajpat Rai in 1928, that Azad had a change of heart and advocated socialism. He reorganized HRA into HSRA with help from like Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru, and urged his fellow revolutionaries to undertake constructive work to ameliorate the hardships faced by Indians. He was of the opinion that the cult of bomb and violence were ineffective ways to express oneself and thus advocated Gandhian ways to win independence and expel the British out of India. Azad’s socialist views transformed the face of India’s National Movement and inspired the youth to focus their energies on peaceful and progressive ways to put forth their point. This transformation of Azad from being a revolutionary terrorist to a socialist was symbolic of his mental strength and wisdom that inspired millions of Indians and helped them channelize their energy in constructive ways to win independence.
Azad’s death
Azad had been put on the hit list of British Police due to his extremist ways. The police wanted to capture him dead or alive. On February 27, 1931 when Chandra Shekhar Azad went to Alfred Park to meet two of his comrades, the police surrounded the park and ordered Chandra Shekhar Azad to surrender. Azad had been betrayed by an informer who had informed the British police about his whereabouts. He fought alone valiantly and killed three policemen, but finding himself surrounded and seeing no route for escape, he shot himself. He thus kept his pledge of not being caught alive.
By: Abhinav ProfileResourcesReport error
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