Which of the following amendments to the Indian Constitution is incorporated through 42nd Cons...........

Indian Polity Constitutional Amendments

Which of the following amendments to the Indian Constitution is incorporated through 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, also known as “mini-Constitution”?

1. Added the phrases “socialist” and “secular” to the Preamble of Indian Constitution.

2. Provided restrictions in proclamation of National Emergency.

3. Added Fundamental Duties into the Constitution.

4. Restricted the discretionary power of the President.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 ,3,4

all are correct

1,2,4

2,3,4

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Explanation:

Some of the Important changes brought by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976

• The preamble has been amended to substitute the words “SOVEREIGN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC”, with the words “SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC” and the words “unity of the Nation” was substituted with “unity and integrity of the Nation.”

• New directives was added by new articles 39A, 43A, 48A which, respectively, provide for equal justice and free legal aid to economically backward classes, participation of workers in the management of industries, and protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.

• New Part IVA containing article 51A was added to provide lists of fundamental duties of citizens.

• Article 74(1) was amended to make the President to act in accordance with the advice of the Council of Ministers.

• It curtailed the power of the Supreme Court and High Court with regard to the issue of writs and judicial review.

• It transferred subjects like forests, education, weights and measures except establishments of standards, protection of wild animals and birds from the State List to the Concurrent List. New entry 20A was added in Concurrent List which is “Population control and family planning”.