Which among the following were the causes for the failure of revolt 1857 1 Modern educated Indians v...........

Modern Indian History 1857-1885

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Which among the following were the causes for the failure of revolt, 1857?

1. Modern educated Indians viewed this revolt as backward looking

2. The rebels represented diverse elements with common grievances and concepts of current polities.

3. The eastern, southern and western parts of India remained more or less unaffected.

4. The lack of unity among Indians was unavoidable at this stage of Indian history.

Choose the correct answer from the code given below:

1&2 only

1,2&4 only

1,3&4 only

All the above

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Explanation:

It was estimated that not more than one fourth of the total area and not more than one tenth of the total population was affected. South India remained quiet and Punjab and Bengal were only marginally affected.
Almost half the Indian soldiers not only did not Revolt but fought against their own countrymen. The revolt was poorly organized with no co-ordination or central leadership. Apart from some honourable exceptions like the Rani of Jhansi, Kunwar Singh and Maulvi Ahmadullah, the rebels were poorly served by their leaders. Most of them failed to realize the significance of the Revolt and simply did not do enough.
The rebels represented diverse elements with differing elements with differing grievances (not common). Apart from a commonly shared hatred for alien rule, the rebels had no political perspective or a definite vision of the future.
Modern educated Indians viewed this revolt as backward looking, and mistakenly hoped the British would usher in an era of modernisation.