With reference to Black carbon consider the following statements 1 Black Carbon is produced due to i...........

Environment and Ecology Environment- Institutional Structure

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With reference to Black carbon, consider the following statements:

1. Black Carbon is produced due to incomplete combustion of biomass.

2. It absorbs solar radiation at all wavelengths.

3. Deposition of black carbon on snow decreases albedo.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 Only

1 and 2 Only

2 and 3 Only

All of the above

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Explanation:

The two most important light absorbing substances in the atmospheric aerosol are Black Carbon and Brown Carbon. Black carbon (BC) is the most strongly light absorbing component of particulate matter (PM), and is formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biofuels, and biomass.BC can be defined specifically as a solid form of mostly pure carbon that absorbs solar radiation (light) at all wavelengths.BC is the most effective form of PM, by mass, at absorbing solar energy. BC is a major component of "soot", a complex light absorbing mixture that also
contains organic carbon (OC).

BC influences climate through multiple mechanisms:
Direct effect: BC absorbs both incoming and outgoing radiation of all wavelengths,which contributes to warming of the atmosphere and dimming at the surface. In contrast, GHGs mainly trap outgoing infrared radiation from the Earth's surface.
Snow/ice albedo effect: BC deposited on snow and ice darkens the surface and decreases reflectivity (albedo), thereby increasing absorption and accelerating melting. GHGs do not directly affect the Earth's albedo.
Other effects: BC also alters the properties and distribution of clouds, affecting cloud reflectivity and lifetime ("indirect effects"),stability ("semi-direct effect"), and precipitation. These impacts are associated with all ambient particles, but not GHGs.