With reference to the nature of peasant movements after 1857 consider the following statements 1 Pea...........

Modern Indian History 1857-1885

With reference to the nature of peasant movements after 1857, consider the following statements:

1.Peasant struggles were directed towards specific objectives and not colonialism.

2.There was growing involvement of the educated middle-class intelligentsia as spokespersons for the aggrieved peasantry.

3. The territorial reach of the peasant movements was limited.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 and 2 Only

2 and 3 Only

1 and 3 Only

1,2 & 3

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Explanation:

There was a certain shift in the nature of peasant movements after 1857. Princes, chiefs and landlords
having been crushed or co-opted, peasants emerged as the main force in agrarian movements. They now fought directly for their own demands, centered almost wholly on economic issues, and against their immediate enemies, foreign planters and indigenous zamindaris and moneylenders.Their struggles were directed towards specific and limited objectives and redressal of particular grievances. They did not make colonialism their target.
Nor was their objective the ending of the system of their subordination and exploitation.
The territorial reach of these movements was also limited.
They were confined to particular localities with no mutual communication or linkages.

The other important feature was the growing involvement of the educated middle-class intelligentsia as spokespersons for the aggrieved peasantry,thus adding new dimensions to their protests.