Explanation:

Derived from ancient rite of shuddhikaran, or purification, it was started by the Arya Samaj, and its founder Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his followers like Swami Shraddhanand, who also worked on the Sangathan consolidation aspect of Hinduism, in North India, especially Punjab in early 1900s, though it gradually spread across India.
Shuddhi had a social reform agenda behind its belligerent rationale and was aimed at abolishing the practise of untouchability by converting outcasts from other religions to Hinduism and integrating them into the mainstream community by elevating their position, and instilling self confidence and self-determination in them.The movement strove to reduce the conversions of Hindus to Islam and Christianity, which were underway at the time.