Explanation:

• Under Article 340 of the Indian Constitution, The President may appoint a commission to investigate the conditions of socially and educationally backward classes and to recommend the steps to improve their condition. The report of the commission is to be placed before the Parliament, along with action taken memorandum.
• Under the above provision, the President has appointed two commissions so far. The first backward classes commission was appointed in 1953 under the chairmanship of Kaka Kalelkar. The second Backward Classes Commission was appointed in 1979 with B.P. Mandal as chairman. The decision to set up the third Commission (option ‘d’) was recently approved by the Cabinet.
• Additional Information: It was based on the suggestions of the Kothari Commission that India’s first National Education Policy was passed by the Parliament in 1968