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Which of the following statement/s about Shivaji’s revenue administration is/are correct?
1. He introduced a uniform assessment of land revenue on the basis of measurement of land
2. He completely did away with various hereditary revenue officials
3. He collected chauth and sardeshmukhi, apart from the traditional land revenue, from peasants
4. He paid all his officials in cash only
Select the correct answer using codes given below.
3 only
2 and 4 only
3 and 4 only
All of the above
First statement is incorrect. In the Maratha Land revenue system- Assessment of land revenue was based on measurement. The Kathi of Malik Ambar was adopted as the unit of measurement. Malik Ambar followed the earlier Hindu customs of land measurement and adopted the ‘Kathi’ or measuring stick as the standard for demarcating the boundaries of the land. The length of this kathi was five cubits and five closed fists. (Maharashtra in the Age of Shivaji by Ra Kulakarni 1969). The Maratha government utilized various units for measuring the land but they continued the Kathi as the unit of measurement which was also in practice in Swarajya under Shivaji. The Kathi was later called Shivkathi. Note: Malik Ambar was the regent of the Nizamshahi dynasty of Ahmednagar from 1607 to 1626 and pioneer in guerilla warfare. The main features of Ambar's system accepted by Shivaji were: i) the classification of land according to fertility; ii) ascertainment of their produce, iii) fixing the government share, iv) collection of rents either in kind or cash; and v) abolition of the intermediate collecting agents as farmers of revenue. Second statement is correct. Shivaji did away with the existing system of taxing the farmers, through the Zamindars or Deshmukhs. The Government would deal directly with cultivators and land was surveyed using a measuring rod called the Kathi. The state's share was initially 30% of produce, though it was increased to 40% later on. The farmer could pay the amount either in cash or kind. Third statement is correct. Similarly for territories occupied by Shivaji, outside the Maratha region, two taxes were levied, Chauth which was 1/4th of the territory's income, and Sardeshmukhi which was an additional 10% levy on the chauth, as a tribute to the ruler. Fourth statement is correct. Shivaji collected revenue in cash and kind both but he paid all his officials in cash only.
By: Abhipedia ProfileResourcesReport error
Reetika Gupta
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi were collected from neighbouring states.
Read the statement carefully, it doesn't signify any territorial extent.
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