To avoid stress and unfavourable external conditions some plant and animals species suspend their gr...........

Environment and Ecology Biodiversity

To avoid stress and unfavourable external conditions some plant and animals species suspend their growth activities. Which of the following is/are example(s) of the same?

1. Development of spores on fungi and bacteria.

2. Delay in seed germination in some plant species.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

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Explanation:

In bacteria, fungi and lower plants, various kinds of thick-walled spores are formed which help them to survive unfavourable conditions – these germinate on availability of suitable environment. In higher plants, seeds and some other vegetative reproductive structures serve as means to tide over periods of stress besides helping in dispersal – they germinate to form new plants under favourable moisture and temperature conditions. They do so by reducing their metabolic activity and going into a state of ‘dormancy’ under favourable conditions.
In animals, the organism, if unable to migrate, might avoid the stress by escaping in time. The familiar case of bears going into hibernation during winter is an example of escape in time. Some snails and fish go into aestivation to avoid summer–related problems-heat and dessication. Under unfavourable conditions many zooplankton species in lakes and ponds are known to enter diapause, a stage of suspended development.
Hence both the options are correct.