Context: Emission of methane is a big concern as it is a greenhouse gas having 25-28 times harmful effect than carbon dioxide.

• Recently, India has co-chaired along with Canada the Global Methane Initiative leadership meet held virtually.

Need to focus on Methane

• The emission of methane is a big concern as it is a greenhouse gas having 25-28 times harmful effect than carbon dioxide.
• According to the UN, 25 % of the warming that the world is experiencing today is because of methane.
• Methane is the second-most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, after carbon dioxide.
• According to IPCC, methane accounts for about half of the 1.0 degrees Celsius net rise in global average temperature since the pre-industrial era.

About Methane

• Methane is a greenhouse gas, which is also a component of natural gas.
• There are various sources of methane including human and natural sources.
• The anthropogenic sources are responsible for 60 per cent of global methane emissions.
• It includes landfills, oil and natural gas systems, agricultural activities, coal mining, wastewater treatment, and certain industrial processes.
• The oil and gas sectors are among the largest contributors to human sources of methane.
• These emissions come primarily from the burning of fossil fuels, decomposition in landfills and the agriculture sector.

Global Methane Initiative (GMI)

• GMI is a voluntary Government and an informal international partnership having members from 45 countries including the United States and Canada.
• The forum has been created to achieve global reduction in anthropogenic methane emission through partnership among developed and developing countries having economies in transition.
• The forum was created in 2004 and India is one of the members since its inception and has taken up Vice-Chairmanship for the first time in the Steering Leadership along with USA.
• National governments are encouraged to join GMI as Partner Countries, while other non-State organizations may join GMI’s extensive Project Network.

Focus areas
The initiative currently focuses on five sectors, which are known sources of anthropogenic methane emissions:

• Agriculture
• Coal mining
• Municipal solid waste
• Municipal wastewater
• Oil and gas systems

By: Shubham Tiwari