Which of the following is are voluntary provision s of the 73rd Amendment Act or Part IX of the cons...........

Indian Polity Panchayati Raj Instiutions

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Which of the following is/are voluntary provision/s of the 73rd Amendment Act or Part IX of the constitution?

1. Reservation of one-third seats for women at all the three levels of Panchayats.

2. Reservation of seats for Backward Classes at all the levels of Panchayat.

3. Authorizing the Panchayats to levy taxes, duties, fess etc

Select the correct answer using codes given below

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

All of the above

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Explanation:

Compulsory Provisions
•   Organization of Gram Sabha in a village or group of villages
•   Establishment of panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels
•   Direct elections to all seats in panchayats at the village, intermediate and district levels
•   Indirect elections to the post of chairperson of panchayats at the intermediate and district levels
•   21 years to be the minimum age for contesting elections to panchayats
•   Reservation of seats (both members and chairpersons) for SCs and STs in panchayats at all the three levels
•   Reservation of one-third seats (both members and chairpersons) for women in panchayats at all the three levels
•   Fixing tenure of five years for panchayats at all levels and holding fresh elections within six months in the event of supersession of any panchayat
•   Establishment of a State Election Commission for conducting elections to the panchayats
•   Constitution of a State Finance Commission after every five years to review the financial position of the panchayats
Voluntary Provisions
•   Giving representation to members of the Parliament (both the Houses) and the state legislature (both the Houses) in the panchayats at different levels falling within their constituencies.
•   Providing reservation of seats (both members and chairpersons) for backward classes in panchayats at any level.
•   Granting powers and authority to the panchayats to enable them to function as institutions of self-government.
•   Devolution of powers and responsibilities upon panchayats to prepare plans for economic development and social justice; and to perform some or all of the 29 functions listed in the Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution.
•   Granting financial powers to the panchayats, i.e. authorizing them to levy, collect and appropriate taxes, duties, tolls and fees.