Which of the following statement correctly describes the term Eutrophication ........

Environment and Ecology Pollution

Which of the following statement correctly describes the term 'Eutrophication'?

Eutrophication refers to the process in which organisms of an aquatic ecosystem die during winters as light is blocked by the ice-cover on top.

The increase in concentration of a pollutant from one trophic level to other in a food chain/web is known as Eutrophication.

Eutrophication is the enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients leading to explosive growth in the population of aquatic plants and Algae.

None of the above is correct

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Explanation:

Statement (a) refers to Winterkill while (b) refers to Biomagnification.
Nitrates and phosphates are nutrients that plants need to grow. In small amounts they are beneficial to many ecosystems. In excessive amounts, however, nutrients cause a type of pollution called eutrophication. Eutrophication stimulates an explosive growth of algae (algal blooms) that depletes the water of oxygen when the the algae die and are eaten by bacteria. Estuarine waters may become hypoxic (oxygen poor) or anoxic (completely depleted of oxygen) from algal blooms. While hypoxia may cause animals in estuaries to become physically stressed, anoxic conditions can kill them.
Eutrophication may also trigger toxic algal blooms like red tides, brown tides, and the growth of Pfiesteria. Pfiesteria is a single-celled organism that can release very powerful toxins into the water, causing bleeding sores on fish, and even killing them.