Consider the following with reference to the historic Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol 1 It...........

Environment and Ecology Envirnment and Climate Change

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Consider the following with reference to the historic Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.

1. It aims to phase out Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) which are potent greenhouse gases by 2020.

2. India has supported and agreed to the amendment.

3. The amendment will be binding on countries and will contain provisions for penalties for non-compliance.

Select the correct answer using the codes below.

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

The Kigali Amendment amends the 1987 Montreal Protocol that was designed to close growing ozone hole by banning ozone-depleting coolants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Statement 1: Amending the Protocol it aims to phase out HFCs, a family of potent greenhouse gases by the late 2040s.
Statement 2: Under Kigali Amendment, in all 197 countries, including India have agreed to a timeline to reduce the use of HFCs by roughly 85% of their baselines by 2045.
Statement 3: The Kigali Agreement or amended Montreal Protocol for HFCs reduction will be binding on countries from 2019. It also has provisions for penalties for non-compliance. Under it, developed countries will also provide enhanced funding support estimated at billions of dollars globally.