Context: Amid Pandemic, a report titled ‘State of Working India 2021: One Year of Covid­19’ brought out annually by Azim Premji University’s Centre for Sustainable Employment, Bengaluru .
Key Findings of State of Working India 2021 report

• Impact of Pandemic: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially increased informality in employment. This leads to a decline in earnings for the majority of workers and an increase in poverty in the country.
• Lost of Jobs: Around 100 million jobs were lost nationwide during the April-May 2020 lockdown. Most of these workers had found employment by June 2020. However, about 15 million remained out of work.
• Impact on GDP: Due to employment and income losses, the labour share of GDP fell down by over 5% points. For example, the labour share fell down from 32.5% in the second quarter of 2019-20 to 27% in the second quarter of 2020-21.
• Informal Sector: Post Lockdown, nearly half of salaried workers moved into informal work. They became either self-employed (30%), casual wage (10%) or informal salaried(9%).
• Most Impacted States: Job losses were higher for states with a higher Covid-19 caseload. Hence, Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi, contributed to a large extent to job losses.
• Gender Wise: During lockdown and afterwards, 61% of working men remained employed and 7% lost employment and did not return to work. For women, only 19% remained employed and 47% suffered a permanent job loss.
• Poverty Rate: 230 million people fell below the national minimum wage threshold of ?375 per day during the pandemic. Furthermore, the poverty rate has increased by 15% in rural and nearly 20% in urban areas.

About State of Working India 2021 Report
Purpose: The report documented the impact of one year of Covid-19 on jobs, incomes, inequality, and poverty. The report also examines the effectiveness of policy measures undertaken by the government on relief and support programmes.
Based on: The report is based on data sourced from

• Consumer Pyramids Household Survey of the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy(CMIE)
• Azim Premji University Covid-19 Livelihoods Phone Survey (CLIPS),
• The India Working Survey(IWS) and
• Other surveys by various civil society organisations.

Recommendations: The report recommends several measures such as:

• Extension of free rations under the public distribution system till the end of 2021. Currently, the government stipulated till June 2021.
• Monthly cash transfers of Rs 5,000 for three months to vulnerable households.
• The government should provide Work Entitlement under the rural job guarantee scheme MGNREGA. Further, the government should expand work from present100 days to 150 days per household per year.
• A Pilot urban employment programme in the worst-hit districts.