Explanation:

There is a difference between push and pull factors of migration. Brain drain of healthcare workers from India is happening due to both.

• While 1 and 2 are push factors i.e., pushing workers towards other countries, 3 and 4 are pull factors, which attracts Indian health workers.

Push Factors

• Low Wages
• Lack of government investment in health care
• Lack of health care educational Institutions

Pull Factors

• Access to advanced technology: Developed countries offer better opportunities to pursue research in health care. Health care professionals also get access to advance technology, research facilities and even get higher scholarship amounts for their research.
• Better standard of living and life quality: Many developed and GCCs offer a higher salary, tax benefits, higher standard of living, etc. These act as a pull factor for Indian health care professionals.
• Developed countries adopted migrant-friendly policies towards health care professionals to retain them in their country.

Hence option 1st is correct.