Context: The pandemic has broadly highlighted the inadequacy in our health care system and has brought serious consideration for the formation of the Indian national health services.
Background

• There has been a coordinated effort from medical staff, the Centre, the state, and other state institutions to control the Pandemic. For instance,
• The railways are running special trains carrying oxygen supplies.
• The military is involved in medical supply chains.
• The Karnataka government has ordered private hospitals above a certain size to reserve 75% of their beds for COVID-19 patients, who will be paid for under a public scheme
• Despite these measures, the Indian healthcare system is struggling to control the Pandemic.

Issues in the Indian health care system

• Inadequate public health expenditure: India spends nearly 1% of GDP.
• Inadequate public health providers: for instance, in certain rural areas the doctor-population ratio is over 1:40,000
• High out-of-pocket expenditure: Medical expenses constitute the major reason for personal debt in India.
• Systemic issues: Highly fragmented, corruption, urban-centered, elite-focused.
• To address the issues ailing our health care system, India needs to form Indian National Health services, in line with British National Health Service.

How the British National Health Service function?

• The service is funded entirely from Public money (Taxation). The budget includes a payment to general practitioners, most of whom remain private providers but are paid by the state for treating NHS patients
• All hospital treatment and medicines are free, as are outpatient and follow-up appointments.
• The NHS is the largest employer in the U.K. and Its current budget is about 7.6% of GDP. Despite being large in scale, it provides highly localized access to care.
• The formation of the British National Health Service has resulted in providing top-class universal healthcare, including training and research. However, some issues like subjective preference to patients of different social classes still exist.
• In India, during 1946, the civil servant Sir Joseph Bhore proposed Indian national health services broadly modeled on the lines of the British National Health Service or NHS.
• He further recommended the integration of preventive and curative medicines at all levels.