Context: International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) has released a report titled “Nature in a Globalised World: Conflict and Conservation”.
 About the Nature in a Globalised World Report

• The report focuses on complex relationships between nature and armed conflict.
• Objective: To bring nature conservation into the mainstream of economic and political decision-making.

Key Findings of the Nature in a Globalised World Report

• Armed Conflicts have numerous negative effects on nature. These include:
• Direct killing of wildlife for food or trade
• Degradation of ecosystems as both a tactic and a consequence of war
• Disruption of conservation, e.g. through attacks on protected area staff and other conservationists.

Greater conflict risk: The report gave examples about the impact on a range of species from conflicts:

• During the 1994 war in Rwanda, 90% of the large mammals in the Akagera National Park were killed for food or trade.
• The Vietnam War almost certainly accelerated the extinction of the Javan rhinoceros.
• Further, the report has found that armed conflicts are particularly prevalent in some of the more biodiverse regions of the world.
• Moreover, civil unrest and military exercises pose a risk to more than 200 Endangered species. This includes even the iconic species such as the Critically Endangered Eastern gorilla.
• However, conflicts were less frequent within the boundaries of the natural reserves and other protected areas.

Recommendations of the Nature in a Globalised World
The report has recommended a series of suggestions such as

• Strengthening the natural resource governance through measures like inclusive decision-making
• Improving accountability and transparency
• Recognising the rights of indigenous peoples and of women
• Establishment of explicit protections for protected area staff, environmental defenders and other conservationists and
• Sanctions against those who commit environmental war crimes.