Consider the following statements regarding the qanungos who were the hereditary holders of lands du...........

Ancient and Medival History Later Mughals and Advent of Europeans

Consider the following statements regarding the qanungos, who were the hereditary holders of lands during the Mughal reign of Akabar:

I. The qanungos, who were hereditary holders of land as well as local officials conversant with local conditions, were ordered to report on the actual produce, state of cultivation, local prices, etc.

II. It is said that, in every area, the qanungos were dishonest and often concealed the real produce of the land.

III. It is said that, in every area, the qanungos were considered as the most faithful and loyal officials towards their Mughal rulers.

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

Only I

I and II

I and III

All of the above

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Explanation:

The qanungos, who were hereditary holders of land as well as local officials conversant with local conditions, were ordered to report on the actual produce, state of cultivation, local prices, etc. But in every area, the qanungos were dishonest and often concealed the real produce. Annual assessments also resulted in great difficulty for the peasants and for the state.