Explanation:

The spread of Jainism in India can be attributed to the following reasons: ? Use of simple language, language of the masses like Prakrit, Magadhi etc.
? Simple doctrine which was in contrast to the complex Vedic rites and rituals. ? Patronage by rulers like Ajatshatru, Chandragupta Maurya and the Chalukyas and Rashktrakutas in the south. ? Role of the Sangha. ? Movement of Jain monks across the length and breadth of the subcontinent. Statement 1 is incorrect. By the end of the fourth century B.C., there was a serious famine in the Ganges valley. Many Jain monks led by Bhadrabagu and Chandragupta Maurya came to Sravana Belgola in Karnataka. Thus, there was no persecution of Jain monks during that time. Those who stayed back in north India were led by a monk named Sthulabahu who changed the code of conduct for the monks. This led to the division of Jainism into two sects Svetambaras (whiteclad) and Digambaras (Sky-clad or Naked). Statement 2 is incorrect. The first Jain Council was convened at Pataliputra by Sthulabahu, the leader of the Digambaras, in the beginning of the 3rd century B.C. The second Jain Council was held at Valabhi in 5th century A.D. The final compilation of Jain literature called Twelve Angas was completed in this council. KB) Jains are divided into two major sects; the Digambara
(meaning sky clad) sect and the Svetambara (meaning white clad) sect. Each of these sects is also divided into subgroups. The two sects agree on the basics of Jainism, but disagree on: ? details of the life of Mahavira ? the spiritual status of women ? whether monks should wear clothes ? rituals ? which texts should be accepted as scripture The Digambara sect is more austere, and is closer in its ways to the Jains at the time of Mahavira. Differences between Svetambara and Digambara Both groups accept the basic Jain philosophy and the five basic vows. The philosophical differences between the groups mostly affect monks and nuns, or the very pious. Scripture: Digambaras and Svetambaras disagree as to which books constitute Jain scripture. Women: Digambaras believe that women cannot achieve liberation without first being reborn as a man. This is because: ? women cannot live a truly ascetic life, because they have to possess clothes since it is impractical for them to live naked ? women are intrinsically harmful Jinas: Digambaras believe that the Jinas: ? have no bodily functions ? live without food ? do not act in the world Dress and possessions: Digambara monks live completely naked. This is because Digambaras believe that one can only lead the life of a true monk: ? by having no worldly possessions ? by demonstrating indifference to earthly emotions such as shame Nuns of both groups are clothed. Digambara monks are not allowed any possessions, not even begging bowls and so can only receive gifts in their cupped hands. Svetambara monks can have a few possessions: ? simple white clothing ? a begging bowl ? a brush to remove insects from their path ? books and writing materials Images: ? Digambara images of tirthankaras have downcast eyes ? Svetambara images have prominent staring eyes ? Digambara images are plain (and always carved as naked figures) ? Svetambara images are richly decorated.