Which among the following are negative interactions among species 1 Commensalism 2 Predation 3 Colon...........

Environment and Ecology Concept of Ecology

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Which among the following are negative interactions among species?

1. Commensalism

2. Predation

3. Colonisation

4. Competition

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 4 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

2 and 4 only

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Explanation:

The relationship between species may be beneficial to both, harmful to both or beneficial or harmful to one and neutral for the other. If interactions result into harmful effects on one or both species are considered as negative interactions.

Positive Interactions: Mutualism, Proto-Cooperation, Commensalism and Colonisation.
Negative Interactions: Competition, Predation, Parasitism and Antibiosis.