Which of the following is are correct with reference to the policies adopted by Bahadur Shah towards...........

Ancient and Medival History Later Mughals and Advent of Europeans

Which of the following is/are correct with reference to the policies adopted by Bahadur Shah towards strengthening the Mughal rule?

1. He tried to conciliate the Sikhs by making peace with Guru Gobind Singh and giving him a high mansab.

2. He restored peace in the Deccan by recognizing Shahu as the rightful Maratha King.

3. He improved the position of the state finances by following prudent economic policies.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

• On Aurangzeb’s death his three sons fought among themselves for the throne The 65-year old Bahadur Shah emerged victorious. He was learned, dignified, and able. He followed a policy of compromise and conciliation, and there was evidence of the reversal of some of the narrow-minded policies and measures adopted by Aurangzeb. He adopted a more tolerant attitude towards the Hindu chiefs and rajas.

• His policy towards the Maratha sardars (chiefs) was that of half-hearted conciliation. While he granted them the sardeshmukhi of the Deccan, he failed to grant them the chauth and thus to satisfy them fully. He also did not recognise Shahu as the rightful Maratha King. He thus let Tara Bai and Shahu fight for supremacy over the Maratha Kingdom. The result was that Shahu and the Maratha sardars remained dissatisfied and the Deccan continued to be a prey to disorder. There could be no restoration of peace and order so long as the Maratha sardars fought one another as well as fought against the Mughal authority.

• Bahadur Shah had tried to conciliate the rebellious Sikhs by making peace with Guru Gobind Singh and giving him a high mansab (rank). But when, after the death of the Guru, the Sikhs once again raised the banner of revolt m the Punjab under the leadership of Banda Bahadur, the Emperor decided to take strong measures and himself led a campaign against the rebels, who soon controlled practically the entire territory between the Sutlej and the Jamuna, reaching the close neighbourhood of Delhi.

• There was further deterioration in the field of administration in Bahadur Shah’s reign. The position of state finances worsened as a result of his reckless grants of jagirs and promotions. During his reign the remnants of the Royal treasure, amounting in 1707 to some 13 crores of rupees, were exhausted. Bahadur Shah was groping towards a solution of the problems besetting the Empiie. Given time, he might have revived the Imperial fortunes. Unfortunately, his death in 1712 plunged the Empire once again into civil war.

• Hence, only statement 1 is correct.