Who among the following were associated with judicial reforms in India 1 Warren Hastings 2 WIlliam B...........

Modern Indian History Viceroys and Governor Generals

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Who among the following were associated with judicial reforms in India?

1. Warren Hastings

2. WIlliam Bentinck

3. Lord Ripon

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

• Reforms under Warren Hastings (1772-1785): District Diwani Adalats were established in districts to try civil disputes. District Fauzdari Adalats were set up to try criminal disputes and were placed under an Indian officer assisted by qazis and muftis.

• Reforms under William Bentinck (1828-1833): The four Circuit Courts were abolished and their functions transferred to collectors under the supervision of the commissioner of revenue and circuit. Sadar Diwani Adalat and a Sadar Nizamat Adalat were set up at Allahabad for the convenience of the people of Upper Provinces. Till now, Persian was the official language in courts. Now, the suitor had the option to use Persian or a vernacular language, while in the Supreme Court English language replaced Persian.

• Lord Ripon was associated with the passage of Ilbert bill (1883) according to which the Indian judges could try a European accused.

• Hence all three were associated with judcial reforms.