Later Mughals and Advent of Europeans

Ancient and Medival History

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Indian Economy - Understanding the basics of Indian economic system

Consider the following pairs of wars and their concluding treaties :

War Treaty

1. Anglo-Bhutan : Treaty of Yandabo

2. Anglo-Nepal : Treaty of Sinchula

3. Anglo-Tibet : Treaty of Gandamak

Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched ?

1 and 2 only

1 and 3 only

2 and 3 only

None

• Treaty of Yandabo

The first war with Burma was fought when the Burmese expansion westwards and occupation of Arakan and Manipur, and the threat to Assam and the Brahmaputra Valley led to continuous friction along the ill-defined border between Bengal and Burma, in the opening decades of the nineteenth century. It was signed during the tenure of Lord Amherst.
The British expeditionary forces occupied Rangoon in May 1824 and reached within 72 km of the capital at Ava. Peace was established in 1826 with the Treaty of Yandabo which provided that the Government of Burma:
pay rupees one crore as war compensation;
cede its coastal provinces of Arakan and Tenasserim;
abandon claims on Assam, Cachar and Jaintia;
recognise Manipur as an independent state;
negotiate a commercial treaty with Britain; and
accept a British resident at Ava, while posting a Burmese envoy at Calcutta.
Hence pair 1 is not correctly matched.

• Treaty of Sinchula:

The Bhutan war is also known as Duar War and this ended in the defeat of the Bhutanese army. The peace was brought by the Treaty of Sinchula which was signed in 1865. Bhutan ceded territories in the Assam Duars and Bengal Duars, as well as around 80,000 kilometers of Dewangiri (Deothang) to British in return for an annual subsidy of 50,000 rupees. It was signed during the tenure of Sir John Lawrence.
Hence pair 2 is not correctly matched.

• Treaty of Gandamak

It was signed during the tenure of Lord Lytton. This treaty was signed after the Second-Anglo Afghan War, 1879 provided that:
the Amir conduct his foreign policy with the advice of Government of India;
a permanent British resident be stationed at Kabul
the Government of India gives Amir all support against foreign aggression, and an annual subsidy.
Hence, pair 3 is not correctly matched.

• Treaty of Sagauli:

It was signed between the Gurkha chiefs of Nepal and the British Indian government that ended the Anglo-Nepalese (Gurkha) War (1814–16). By the treaty, Nepal renounced all claim to the disputed Tarai, or lowland country, and ceded its conquests west of the Kali River and extending to the Sutlej River.
Nepal remained independent, but it received a British resident with the status of an ambassador to an independent country rather than of the controlling agent of the supreme government in an Indian state. It was signed during the tenure of Francis Rawdon-Hastings, 1st marquess of Hastings.