With reference to the development of civil services during British rule in India consider the follow...........

Modern Indian History Developments

With reference to the development of civil services during British rule in India, consider the following statements:

1. Cornwallis was the first to bring into existence and organise the civil services.

2. Wellesley established the College of Fort William at Calcutta for the education of young recruits to the Civil Service.

3. Lytton introduced the Statutory Civil Service with covenanted posts.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

1 and 2 only

2 and 3 only

1, 2 and 3

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Explanation:

• Charles Cornwallis (governor-general, 1786-93) is known as the 'Father of Civil Service in India'. He introduced Covenanted Civil Services (Higher Civil Services) and Uncovenanted Civil Services (Lower Civil Services). Cornwallis was the first to bring into existence and organise the civil services. He tried to check corruption through

raising the civil servants’ salary,
?strict enforcement of rules against private trade,
debarring civil servants from taking presents, bribes etc.,
enforcing promotions through seniority.

• In 1800, Wellesley (governor-general, 1798-1805) set up the Fort William College for the training of new recruits. In 1806 Wellesley’s college was disapproved by the Court of Directors and instead the East India College was set up at Haileybury in England to impart two years’ training to the recruits.

• In 1878-79, Lytton introduced the Statutory Civil Service consisting of one-sixth of covenanted posts to be filled by Indians of high families through nominations by local governments subject to approval by the secretary of State and the viceroy. But the system failed and was abolished. • Hence, all the given statements are correct.