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Consider the following International Treaties
1. The Ramsar Convention.
2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).
3. Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
4. World Heritage Convention (WHC).
Which of the above Treaties deal with conservation of the Coral Reef?
1, 2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
All of the above are correct. All of the above are correct. The RAMSAR Convention The Ramsar Convention or (Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat), signed in Iran in 1971, is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Its Secretariat is based in Gland, Switzerland. Under the Convention, each party has to designate at least one wetland site for inclusion in the List of Wetlands of International Importance; with reference to specific criteria. These criteria are intentionally board and include not only coastal zones but island islands or bodies of marine water. The Ramsar Convention has its own classification system to categorise wetlands types, one of which is ‘coral reefs’. There are therefore a large number of ‘Ramsar sites’ around the world which include coral reefs, including in countries which are also ICRI members such as Australia, Brazil, Cuba, France, the Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, and the United Kingdom. The CITES Convention CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) was adopted in 193 and entered into force in 1975, Its aims is to ensure that international trade in endangered species (including coral reefs) does not threaten their survival in the wild. CITES works by implementing controls on the international trade of selected species; with import, export and re-export and introduction being managed through a licensing system. ICRI has provided input to CITES as regards to coral reef and associated ecosystems species listing: ICRI recommendation on International Trade in Corals, Coral Reef Species and Related Products (GM24, 2010) ICRI Decision on International Trade (GM16, 2004) Resolution on Actions to promote Sustainable and Equitable practices in the international Trade in Coral Reef Species (GM 11, 2001)
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Also known as the Biodiversity Convention, the CBD is an international legally binding convention which aims to lead to the development of national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, including coral reefs. It was finalized at the 1992 Earth Summit and is known as one of the ‘Rio Conventions’. Its Secretariat is based in Montreal, Canada. The Convention has established the Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA), which is committee, composed of experts from member governments. It plays a key role in making recommendations to the COP on scientific and technical issues, including on coral reefs. ICRI regularly provides input to SBSTTA meetings. Since 1972, the UNESCO World Heritage Convention has united the world around a shared responsibility to protect natural and cultural places of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). The World Heritage List includes 29 natural, marine properties that contain coral reef systems.
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