Recently Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released the Periodic Labour Force Surv...........

Governance Issues Human Resource Management

Recently, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation released the Periodic Labour Force Survey. Which of

the following is/are its key findings?

1. The rural female unemployment rate is higher than rural male unemployment rate.

2. Female employees in the urban areas had better social security benefits than their rural counterparts.

3. Most of the increase in unemployment (2011-12 to 2017-18) is located in the educated (secondary or higher levels) and younger (aged 15-29) segments of population.

4. The decline of Workforce Participation Rate (2011-12 to 2017-18) is highest for rural female population.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

2 and 3 only

3 and 4 only

1, 2 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

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Explanation:

Explanation:
In India, the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) has been quinquennially collecting data on employment and unemployment but from 2017 onwards, the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) was launched by NSSO to measure quarterly changes of various labour market statistical indicators in urban areas as well as generating annual estimates of these indicators both for rural and urban areas, which can be used for policy making. The following are the key findings of the annual report on PLFS (2017-18), released in May 2019:

The Unemployment Rate (UR) in rural sector is 5.8 for male and 3.8 for female while UR in urban areas is 7.1 for male and 10.8 for female. Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
The Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) has declined (for both sexes) from 39% to 35% since 2011-12 and the decline is highest for rural female workers. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
The above trends imply that in rural areas women are increasingly involved in domestic care and allied activities. Hence, their participation in workforce is very low. Also due to greater educational enrollment in urban areas for women and for rural men and also due to temporary economic slowdown post demonetization, the rural male UR is higher than rural female UR and the urban male UR is lower than urban female UR.
Overall, 49.6% of workforce was found ineligible for any social security benefit, with women being more marginalized than men. However, female employees in the rural sector (55.5%) had slightly better social security benefits than their urban counterparts (50%). Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
The UR of population aged above 30 has increased only slightly but increased substantially for younger men. The most increase in unemployment is for persons with secondary or higher education. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
The rural men UR has increased three times since 2011-12 whereas rural women UR has increased only two times.
In urban areas, the UR has increased two times for both men and women since 2011-12.
The UR among rural non literate females has reduced.